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Pascale Ehrenfreund
Pascale Ehrenfreund (also Pascale-Foing-Ehrenfreund; born 1960, Vienna) is an Austrian astrobiologist.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.fwf.ac.at/fileadmin/files/Dokumente/Ueber_den_FWF/Organisation/Geschaeftsleitung/cv_ehrenfreund.pdf )〕 Ehrenfreund holds degrees from the University of Vienna (Masters, molecular biology; habilitation, astrochemistry), Webster Leiden (Masters, management and leadership), and Paris Diderot University (Ph.D., astrophysics). Prior to becoming a Research Professor of Space Policy and International Affairs at George Washington University, she was a Professor at Radboud University Nijmegen, Leiden University, and University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. She is the Principal Investigator of OREOcube, developed a laboratory simulation program for the Mars Express Recognized Laboratory (MEX-RCL) and chaired the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) panel on exploration. Ehrenfreund has been the lead investigator at the NASA Astrobiology Institute. She was the first woman president of the Austrian Fund for the Promotion of Scientific Research (FWF) and in 2015, was elected as CEO for German Aerospace Center, the first woman to lead a major research facility in Germany. The main-belt asteroid 9826 Ehrenfreund is named in her honor.
==Biography==
Pascale Ehrenfreund was born in Vienna, Austria in 1960. She began her university studies at the University of Vienna, where she studied astronomy and biology. She went on to earn a degree at the Institute of Molecular Biology, Salzburg part of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1988 in molecular biology and then completed her doctorate in astrophysics at the University of Paris VII and the University of Vienna in 1990. Her post-doctorate studies were conducted at the Leiden Observatory as a Fellow of the European Space Agency ESA and later as a Fellow of the French space agency Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), as well as the Marie Curie Fellowship awarded by the European Commission. In 1996, she accepted the APART scholarship from the Austrian Academy of Sciences, to prepare her research in astrochemistry on Cosmic Dust for her habilitation thesis from the University of Vienna. She earned her degree in 1999〔 and later went on to earn a master's degree in Management and Leadership from Webster University in Leiden, Netherlands.
Beginning in 1999, she worked at the Leiden Observatory and was a professor at both the University of Amsterdam and Leiden University in the Netherlands.〔 She was also a professor at Radboud University Nijmegen, in the Netherlands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://elliott.gwu.edu/ehrenfreund )〕 In 2001, she became the head of the Astrobiology Laboratory at Leiden and participated as the teamleader, co-investigator and principal investigator in numerous experiments and space missions sponsored by both the ESA and NASA.〔 In 2005, Ehrenfreund came to the United States to work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California〔 and was the project scientist of NASA’s O/OREOS satellite.〔 Then in 2008, she accepted a position as a research professor and policy expert at the Space Policy Institute of George Washington University (GWU) in Washington, D.C. and as a senior scientist at the NASA Astrobiology Institute. She developed a laboratory simulation program for the Mars Express Recognized Laboratory (MEX-RCL) and chaired the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) panel on exploration. Ehrenfreund has written over 300 scientific research papers and published 12 books.〔
In 2013, she returned to Austria, when she was selected as the first woman to head the Austrian Fund for the Promotion of Scientific Research ((ドイツ語:Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung)) (FWF) and her career began to focus more on policy than research. In July 2015, she accepted an offer to become the first woman to head the German Aerospace Center ((ドイツ語:Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.)) (DLR) to develop the planning and implementation of Germany's space program.〔 The main-belt asteroid, 9826 Ehrenfreund was named in her honor. Ehrenfreund collaborates with her husband, Bernard Foing of the European Space Agency, in some of her work.
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